منابع مشابه
Sex, breathing and statistics.
Breathlessness is a complex symptom that results from the interplay of physiological, psychological, social and environmental factors [1]. Breathlessness is also common, and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality [2, 3]. A number of studies have shown that breathlessness is reported more frequently by women than men, both from population-based surveys and in patients with chronic ...
متن کاملUnreliable Knowledge
There is a virtual consensus in contemporary epistemology that knowledge must be reliably pro duced. Everyone, it seems, is a reliabilist about knowledge in that sense. I present and defend two arguments that unreliable knowledge is possible. My first argument proceeds from an observation about the nature of achievements, namely, that achievements can proceed from unreliable abilities. My seco...
متن کاملUsing conventional F-statistics to study unconventional sex-chromosome differentiation
Species with undifferentiated sex chromosomes emerge as key organisms to understand the astonishing diversity of sex-determination systems. Whereas new genomic methods are widening opportunities to study these systems, the difficulty to separately characterize their X and Y homologous chromosomes poses limitations. Here we demonstrate that two simple F-statistics calculated from sex-linked geno...
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Unreliable data is present in datasets, and is either ignored, acknowledged ad hoc, or undetected. This paper discusses data quality issues with a potential framework in mind to deal with them. Such a framework should be applied within data-to-text systems at the generation of text rather than being an afterthought. This paper also shows ways to express uncertainty through language and World He...
متن کاملReasoning about Unreliable Actions
We analyse the philosopher Davidson’s semantics of actions, using a strongly typed logic with contexts given by sets of partial equations between the outcomes of actions. This provides a perspicuous and elegant treatment of reasoning about action, analogous to Reiter’s work on artificial intelligence. We define a sequent calculus for this logic, prove cut elimination, and give a semantics based...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Nature
سال: 1989
ISSN: 0028-0836,1476-4687
DOI: 10.1038/341379a0